| Enterprise and Entrepreneurs |
| What is enterprise? | Objectives of a business startup |
| Qualities of an entrepreneur | Sources of new business ideas |
| Risks and rewards of enterprise | Creative thinking by entrepreneurs |
| Invention | Innovation |
| Planning a startup | Contents of a startup business plan |
| Franchising for startups | Social enterprise |
| Adding value | Beating the competition as a new business |
| Business Organisation & Objectives |
| Aims and objectives of business | Starting a business |
| Departments in a business | Financing a new business |
| Growing a business | Sole traders |
| Partnerships | Limited companies |
| Franchises | Co-operatives |
| Span of control | Stakeholders and ethics |
The External Environment |
| Introduction to the external environment | Economic sectors |
| The Business / Economic cycle | Business and globalisation |
| Government spending | Government taxation |
| Exchange rates | Interest rates - introduction |
| Interest rates & business | Business & the Environment |
| Labour market and unemployment | Business and the law |
| Business and technology | Business ethics - introduction |
| Business ethics in practice | Europe and business |
| Marketing |
| What is marketing ? | Kinds of market |
| Marketing orientation | Market segmentation - introduction |
| Marketing's role in business | Market segments |
| Market mapping | Understanding customers |
| Marketing strategy - introduction | The marketing mix |
| How products are distributed | Marketing online - E-commerce |
| Distribution channels | Distribution intermediaries |
| Personal selling |
| Introduction to products | Brands |
| Product life cycle | Product portfolio - the Boston Matrix |
| Product differentiation & USPs | SWOT analysis & marketing |
| Promotion - introduction & overview |
| Promotion - advertising | Promotion - direct marketing |
| Promotion - sales promotion | Public relations and sponsorship |
| Marketing research - introduction |
| Marketing research - questionnaires | Marketing research - primary research |
| Quantitative & qualitative market research |
| Pricing - introduction | Pricing strategies |
| Pricing objectives |
| Finance |
| Introduction to finance | Why businesses need finance |
| Startups - finance considerations | Startups - Personal sources of entrepreneurs |
| Startup - cash flow problems | Causes of cash flow problems |
| Handling a cash flow problem |
| Understanding demand | Understanding business revenues |
| Introduction to cash flow | The cash flow forecast |
| Estimating revenues |
| What is profit? | How is profit used by a business? |
| How a business handles a loss |
| Business costs - overview |
| Breakeven< | Breakeven and contribution |
| Analysing financial performance |
| Balance sheet | Profit and Loss account |
| Sources of finance | Bank loans and overdrafts |
| Shares as a source of finance | Other external sources of finance |
| Depreciation | Why businesses need credit |
| Managing People in a Business |
| Communication in a business | Effective communication |
| Communication barriers | Management styles |
| Employee representation | Functions in a business |
| Organisation structures and charts | Span of control |
| Delayering |
| Centralisation | Decentralisation |
| Motivating employees - introduction | Motivation - financial rewards |
| Methods of pay | Staff retention |
| Motivation - non financial rewards | Motivation - main theories |
| Recruitment - introduction | Recruitment - methods |
| Recruitment - interviews | Recruitment - job applications |
| Recruitment - workforce planning | Appraisal |
| Groups at work - trade unions | Handling industrial disputes |
| Training - introduction | Training - types of training |
| Employment legislation |
| Production and Operations |
| Choosing a business location | Stages of production |
| Economies of scale | Diseconomies of scale |
| Production efficiency | Improving business efficiency |
| The production process | Flow production method |
| Job production method | Batch production method |
| Lean production - introduction | Lean production - methods |
| Quality - introduction | Quality management - methods |
| Stock control |